Explain the process of inserting a node into a binary search tree.

Inserting a node into a binary search tree (BST) involves placing the new node in the correct position to maintain the BST property: for any given node, all nodes in its left subtree have smaller values, and all nodes in its right subtree have larger values.

Insertion Process

1. Start at the Root:

   • Begin the insertion process at the root of the BST.
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2. Compare the New Node’s Value:

   • Compare the value of the new node with the value of the current node.
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3. Traverse the Tree:

   • If the new node's value is less than the current node’s value:
     • Move to the left child of the current node.
     • Repeat the comparison and traversal steps until you find a suitable position (i.e., an empty spot where the left child is null).
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   • If the new node’s value is greater than or equal to the current node’s value:
     • Move to the right child of the current node.
     • Repeat the comparison and traversal steps until you find a suitable position (i.e., an empty spot where the right child is null).
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4. Insert the New Node:

   • Once you find an appropriate spot (a null child), insert the new node at this position.
   • The new node becomes the left or right child of the node where you stopped.